MGHD 2023

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) against women continues to be an issue across the globe and in Rwanda. The United Nations defines GBV as "any act of gender based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological injury or suffering to women...whether happening in public or private life" (Kirkegaard, 2020). It is indisputable that GBV is a burden to families, healthcare system, the legal system, and communities. This study aimed to explore the community’s perspectives and understanding of GBV against women, its causes, its consequences and the community’s responses to these consequences in Nyagatare district, Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative phenomenology was carried out, which included in-depth interviews with GBV survivors along with focus group discussions (FGDs) involving healthcare providers, law enforcement officials, local leaders, and community members who do not belong to the other groups. Results: In total 32 participants (10 GBV survivors, 5 healthcare providers, 6 local leaders, 5 law enforcement officials and 6 other community members) participated in the study. Our findings highlight five themes that illustrate how the community views GBV, its causes and effects, and the community's reactions to GBV consequences: (1) traditional patriarchal beliefs and social norms disadvantaged females and contributed to GBV against them; (2) gender-based violence is not restricted to any specific form or type in the community; (3) money, substance abuse, and power often lead to gender-based violence; (4) community generally, understands the short- and long-term impacts of gender-based violence; (5) a wide range of sociocultural and structural barriers often hindered GBV survivors from seeking assistance. These findings draw attention to the lived experiences of GBV survivors, shed light on areas requiring improvement in facilitating their access to essential services, and underscore the persisting challenges embedded within the community that contribute to perpetuating a culture of violence. Conclusion: The study underscores the significance of understanding the community's perceptions of GBV in effectively addressing this prevalent and pressing issue. The findings shed light on the community's understanding of GBV, its underlying causes, and its effects in the Nyagatare district. Therefore, it is crucial that these viewpoints be taken into account when formulating national GBV strategies and initiatives to support the survivors of gender-based violence.