This study has the potential to improve our understanding of the etiology and risk factors for the AKI continuum, provide evidence to support early detection and diagnosis, provide background information on the natural progression and outcomes of this continuum, and provide information on optimal management strategies. In addition, a better understanding of the risk factors and underlying mechanisms may inform evidence-based, population-specific preventive strategies. Objective To assess the continuum of AKI, the incidence, risk factors and outcomes in Nigerian neonates. Conclusion The incidence of neonatal AKI, acute kidney disease, and progression to CKD from this study will be compared with reports from high-income countries to describe the variability in the epidemiology of neonatal AKI continuum. This will lay the groundwork for advocacy and intervention to improve neonatal AKI outcomes in Nigeria. Future interventional studies on neonatal AKI in the specified population may use this study’s findings as historical controls.