Preliminary Study of Morphological Variability in the Circle of Willis and Its Clinical Significance in Ethiopia: A Cadaveric Study

BACKGROUND: The Circle of Willis (COW) is a vital cerebral
arterial network that maintains balanced blood flow in the brain.
Despite initial insights from Thomas Willis, recent research has
highlighted its complex anatomical variations.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the anatomical variations of
the COW in Ethiopian cadavers.
METHODS: We employed a descriptive observational approach on
thirty-two cadavers. Detailed morphological examinations of the
COW were performed following meticulous dissection at various
Ethiopian universities.
RESULTS: Significant anatomical variations were observed,
particularly in the anterior divisions of the COW, with 57.14% of
cases exhibiting notable differences. Variations in the anterior
communicating artery (62.5%) and anterior cerebral artery
(37.5%) were particularly diverse. In the posterior segment, 66.6%
of anomalies involved unilateral right hypoplastic posterior
communicating arteries, and bilateral hypoplastic posterior
cerebral arteries were noted in two male cadavers. Essential vessels
were present in all specimens.
CONCLUSION: Comparative analysis with global studies reveals
both similarities and differences, highlighting genetic and
methodological influences. Recognizing these variations is crucial
for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases and managing
intracranial aneurysms. Further longitudinal studies using
advanced imaging techniques are recommended to enhance
understanding in the Ethiopian population and beyond.