A cross‐sectional survey on surgeon retention in the COSECSA region after specialist training: Have things changed?

Background: Increasing surgical specialist workforce density in sub‐
Saharan Africa is essential for improving access to surgical care. However,
out‐migration creates a significant challenge to attaining provider targets. We
aimed to determine the rates and trends of retention of surgeons in the College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA) regions.
Methodology: An online, web‐based survey was distributed to COSECSA
surgeons who graduated from 2004 to 2020. Current practice and migration
patterns were visualized using descriptive analyses and logistic regression
models.
Results: Response rate was 48% (270/557). Most respondents trained as
general surgeons and practiced in Ethiopia, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Zambia.
Majority practiced in public hospitals (74%), and were active in research
(81%), teaching (84%) and leadership (55%). Overall country (85%),
regional (92%) and Africa retention rates (99%) were high with 100%
country retention in Rwanda, Botswana, Lesotho, and Namibia. Tanzania
had the lowest retention (61%). Highest inter‐regional migration occurred
from East to Southern Africa (26%), and continental out‐migration occurred
from Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Kenya. On bivariate analysis, out‐migration
from training country and region was associated working with a non‐
governmental organization (p = 0.002 and 0.0003) or a specialized hospital (p = 0.046 and 0.011). A multiple regression model with type of institution
and leadership was a poor fit (McFadden R2 = 0.055; p = 0.082).
Conclusion: Retention rates of surgeons trained by COSECSA in the region remain remarkably high. This can be taken as an indicator of success
of the training model to increase surgical workforce density, however,
contributory factors need to be qualitatively explored.