MGHD 2023

Background: Volcanoes National Park (VNP) in Rwanda is a diverse ecosystem that encompasses various habitats and is home to endangered species such as gorillas and golden monkeys. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and implementation of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices among field staff members at VNP, emphasizing the importance of One Health principles for maintaining a sustainable and balanced ecosystem. Additionally, the compliance of the infrastructure at patrol posts within the park was evaluated to ensure a safe and healthy environment for both park personnel and wildlife. Methods: The research utilized a survey questionnaire to gather demographic, descriptive, and infrastructure data, as well as assess participants' WASH knowledge and implementation levels. Additionally, direct observations were carried out using an adapted WASH-FIT checklist to evaluate infrastructure compliance at patrol posts. Data analysis involved various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, Cramer's V tests, bivariate logistic regression, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Spearman's rho correlation, all performed using SPSS. Results: A survey of 233 participants revealed variations in knowledge levels among professional categories, with guides scoring the highest knowledge level (Median=94.7%). However, implementation of WASH practices was comparatively lower than knowledge level for all professions. A significant positive association was found between knowledge and implementation, with higher knowledge levels generally associated with better WASH practices. The WASH-FIT checklist identified deficiencies in water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities at patrol posts. Discussion and Conclusion: The study findings underscore the association between profession and education level with WASH knowledge, aligning with existing research. Poor WASH infrastructure was identified as a contributing factor to subpar implementation, as inadequate facilities hinder staff from ensuring proper WASH practices. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate One Health principles into VNP's WASH practices to maintain a balanced ecosystem and prevent disease transmission. Targeted interventions are imperative, encompassing improved infrastructure, hygiene promotion, WASH training and increasing awareness among park personnel regarding WASH practices and its interconnectedness with human and animal health. Collaboration among park management, researchers, and local communities is vital for successful implementation. Taking a holistic approach to health and well-being is key to fostering positive and sustainable changes in WASH practices at VNP.