Dr Royhaan-Folarin

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A Snapshot of Female Representation in Twelve Academic Psychiatry Institutions Around the World
(Elsevier BV, 2022-02)
Joanne Kenney
;
Susanna Ochoa
;
Mohamed Abdalhameed Alnor
;
Benneth Ben-Azu
;
Luciana Diaz-Cutraro
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Avril Hutch
;
Hilmar Klaus Luckhoff
;
Cintia R. Prokopez
;
Nicole Rychagov
;
Bakare Surajudeen
;
Louise Walsh
;
Tonya Watts
;
Elisabetta C. del Re
The study presented here aims at bringing a global perspective to the phenomenon of unequal representation of females in science by offering empirical data of female representation in neuroscience/schizophrenia academic or clinical departments in several institutions around the world. We took advantage of a budding network of scientists and colleagues from different countries to bring the data together. The data presented are related to sex, that is the biological distinction between males and females, based on genetics and reproductive anatomy, while gender, considered a cultural concept was harder to determine. We report data from two clinical/academic departments in Nigeria, Africa; 2 clinical/academic departments from Sudan, Africa; 1 clinical/ academic department from South Africa, Africa; 3 academic institutions from Ireland, Europe; 1 clinical/academic institution from Spain, Europe; 2 academic institutions from Buenos Aires University, Argentina; and the Psychiatry Departments at Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Keywords: Leaky pipeline; Bottleneck effect; Unconscious bias; Women representation in psychiatry; Women representation in neuroscience; Women representation in Africa, South America, European Community, North America; Women representation global perspective
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Abstracts: Motorcoordinating effects of Nigella sativa oil on male mice models of sub-acute Parkinsonism
(Wiley, 2020-04)
Folarin R
;
Ogunkunle P.
;
Adenowo T.
;
Shallie P.
;
Otulana O.
;
Taiwo-Ola D.
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Ameliorative roles of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna fistula on destructive effects of alloxan on the rat testis
(2013)
Onanuga O. Ismail1
;
Ibrahim B. Ridwan
;
Amin Abdulbasit
;
Bolaji O. Akeem
;
Folarin O. Roehan
;
Safiriyu A. Abass
;
Ibrahim O. Saheed
In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Senna fistula on the histopathology of the testicles of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=7); Groups A and B served as Normal control [normal saline] and diabetic control (untreated). Groups C, D, and E served as the Diabetic treated groups receiving 5mg/Kg glibenclamide, 100mg/Kg Senna fistula and 200mg/Kg Senna fistula respectively. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg Alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 28 days after which animals were sacrificed. Haematoxylin and eosin were employed for the histological examination of the testes, while tissue homogenates were assayed for testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. The examination of the testicles of diabetic rats revealed reduction in diameters, thickening in the wall, and degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules in addition to reduction in the number of spermatogenic cells which were ameliorated in the treated groups. Activities of testosterone, SOD and GPx were significantly increased in the treated groups when compared with the diabetic untreated group. Extract of Senna fistula ameliorates the oxidative stress-induced degenerative changes in the testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Key words: Diabetes, Senna fistula, histopathology, oxidative stress, testosterone
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Antidepressant activity of Mucuna pruriens in prolonged chronic mild stress induced depression in Drosophila melanogaster
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-12-18)
Mariam Eniola Sulaiman
;
Mariam Abimbola Ajiroba
;
Kafayat Folasade Nafiu
;
Mercy Olukoya
;
Wasiu Sanusi
;
Raimot Olabisi Ojedokun
;
Kafayat Titilayo Gbadamosi-Wakeel
;
Suliat Iyabode Abdulai
;
Rukayat Oluwatoyin Yakubu
;
Hadiyat Ronke Bello
;
Simiat Modupe Ogunbode
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Nusrah Bolatito Afolabi-Balogun
Oxidative stress is known to impact neurological changes in the brain, predisposing an individual to brain disorders. This study explores the antidepressant potential of Mucuna pruriens (MP) through modulation of oxidative stress and cholinergic pathways, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic drug for mitigating depression induced by prolonged chronic mild stress (CMS) in Drosophila melanogaster. The efcacy of MP methanolic (MP-Meth) and aqueous (MP-Water) extracts was compared with two commercial antidepressants, Fluoxetine (FLX) and Amitriptyline (AMP). CMS was induced by exposing the fies to varying adverse conditions for 24 h. Fifty fies per group, with three replicates for each of the four regimens, were fed a standard feed and treated with 5 mg/ml/ body weight for 5 days. Survival rate analysis was done and the antidepressant effect of M. pruriens was evaluated by measuring biochemical parameters. Under heat stress, AMP reduced catalase activity (90.8%) and G-S-T levels significantly (96.5%), whereas MP-Meth had the most ameliorating effect on catalase activity (94.2%). MP-Water notably increased AchE activity under both heat (61.8%) and cold stress (97%). AMP showed the highest decrease in lipid peroxidation under heat stress (2.7%), and MP-Water had the most significant decrease under cold stress (19.3%). However, the analysis indicated that both extracts of MP have their peculiarity and efficacy across biochemical markers and stress variations. These findings emphasize the significance of novel, innovative treatments to address the multifaceted nature of depression, therefore, recommending comprehensive exploration of aqueous and methanol extracts from M. pruriens as promising therapeutics for enhancing depression management. Keywords Depression · Mucuna pruriens · Drosophila melanogaster · Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) · Antidepressant · Oxidative stress · Acetylcholinesterase
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By passing shortages of personal protective equipment in low-income settings using local production and open source tools
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2022-05-20)
Royhaan Olamide Folarin
;
Mahmoud Bukar Maina
;
Abisola Kaosara Akinbo
;
Tamramat Iyabo Runsewe-Abiodun
;
Omobola Abioye Ogundahunsi
;
Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji
;
Andre Maia Chagas
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Chlorpyrifos- and Dichlorvos-Induced Oxidative and Neurogenic Damage Elicits Neuro-Cognitive Deficits and Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior in Wild-Type Rats
(MDPI AG, 2018-12-01)
Aminu Imam
;
Nafeesah Abdulkareem Sulaiman
;
Aboyeji Lukuman Oyewole
;
Samson Chengetanai
;
Victoria Williams
;
Musa Iyiola Ajibola
;
Royhaan Olamide Folarin
;
Asma’u Shehu Muhammad
;
Sheu-Tijani Toyin Shittu
;
Moyosore Salihu Ajao
The execution of agricultural activities on an industrial scale has led to indiscriminate deposition of toxic xenobiotics, including organophosphates, in the biome. This has led to intoxication characterized by deleterious oxidative and neuronal changes. This study investigated the consequences of oxidative and neurogenic disruptions that follow exposure to a combination of two organophosphates, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and dichlorvos (DDVP), on neuro-cognitive performance and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (150–170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, orally exposed to normal saline (NS), DDVP (8.8 mg/kg), CPF (14.9 mg/kg), and DDVP + CPF for 14 consecutive days. On day 10 of exposure, anxiety-like behavior and amygdala-dependent fear learning were assessed using open field and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively, while spatial working memory was assessed on day 14 in the Morris water maze paradigm, following three training trials on days 11, 12, and 13. On day 15, the rats were euthanized, and their brains excised, with the hippocampus and amygdala removed. Five of these samples were homogenized and centrifuged to analyze nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total reactive oxygen species (ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the other three were processed for histology (cresyl violet stain) and proliferative markers (Ki67 immunohistochemistry). Marked (p ≤0.05) loss in body weight, AChE depletion, and overproduction of both NO and ROS were observed after repeated exposure to individual and combined doses of CPF and DDVP. Insults from DDVP exposure appeared more severe owing to the observed greater losses in the body weights of exposed rats. There was also a significant (p ≤0.05) effect on the cognitive behaviors recorded from the exposed rats, and these deficits were related to the oxidative damage and neurogenic cell loss in the hippocampus and the amygdala of the exposed rats. Taken together, these results provided an insight that oxidative and neurogenic damage are central to the severity of neuro-cognitive dysfunction and increased anxiety-like behaviors that follow organophosphate poisoning.
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Disparities in medical recommendations from AI-based chatbots across different countries/regions
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-07-24)
Khanisyah E. Gumilar
;
Birama R. Indraprasta
;
Yu-Cheng Hsu
;
Zih-Ying Yu
;
Hong Chen
;
Budi Irawan
;
Zulkarnain Tambunan
;
Bagus M. Wibowo
;
Hari Nugroho
;
Brahmana A. Tjokroprawiro
;
Erry G. Dachlan
;
Pungky Mulawardhana
;
Eccita Rahestyningtyas
;
Herlangga Pramuditya
;
Very Great E. Putra
;
Setyo T. Waluyo
;
Nathan R. Tan
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Ibrahim H. Ibrahim
;
Cheng-Han Lin
;
Tai-Yu Hung
;
Ting-Fang Lu
;
Yen-Fu Chen
;
Yu-Hsiang Shih
;
Shao-Jing Wang
;
Jingshan Huang
;
Clayton C. Yates
;
Chien-Hsing Lu
;
Li-Na Liao
;
Ming Tan
This study explores disparities and opportunities in healthcare information provided by AI chatbots. We focused on recommendations for adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer, analyzing responses across four regions (Indonesia, Nigeria, Taiwan, USA) and three platforms (Bard, Bing, ChatGPT-3.5). Utilizing previously published cases, we asked identical questions to chatbots from each location within a 24-h window. Responses were evaluated in a double-blinded manner on relevance, clarity, depth, focus, and coherence by ten experts in endometrial cancer. Our analysis revealed significant variations across different countries/regions (p< 0.001). Interestingly, Bing’s responses in Nigeria consistently outperformed others (p< 0.05), excelling in all evaluation criteria (p< 0.001). Bard also performed better in Nigeria compared to other regions (p< 0.05), consistently surpassing them across all categories (p< 0.001, with relevance reaching p< 0.01). Notably, Bard’s overall scores were significantly higher than those of ChatGPT-3.5 and Bing in all locations (p< 0.001). These findings highlight disparities and opportunities in the quality of AI-powered healthcare information based on user location and platform. This emphasizes the necessity for more research and development to guarantee equal access to trustworthy medical information through AI technologies. Keywords Artificial intelligence, Endometrial cancer, Bing, Bard, ChatGPT, Disparity
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Effect of Nigerian propolis on glycemia, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
(2013-08-30)
Amin Abdulbasit
;
Mustafa Ibrahim Oladayo
;
Folarin Roehan Olamide
;
Onanuga Ismail Olasile
;
Ibrahim Ridwan Babatunde
;
Balogun Wasiu Gbolahan
Propolis is used by the Fulani Nomads in Nigeria to manage diabetes. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Nigerian propolis on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with Alloxan (100mg/Kg). Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=5); Grp. A & B were non-diabetic receiving normal saline and 200mg/Kg propolis respectively. Grp. C, D, E, & F were diabetic receiving normal saline, 150mg/Kg metformin, 200mg/Kg propolis, and 300mg/Kg propolis respectively for 28 days. Hyperglycemia, elevated serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), urea, malonaldehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were observed in the diabetic untreated animals. Diabetes had no effect on serum creatinine level. Propolis decreased blood glucose level and serum levels of LDL-C, TC, and elevated HDL-C. AST, ALT, and urea levels decreased. MDA level decreased with increase in SOD and GSH levels. These changes were significant (P<0.05). Propolis of Nigerian origin possesses hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities in addition to its ability to ameliorate oxidative-stress induced organ dysfunction. Key words: Nigerian propolis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress.
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Effects of ascorbic acid on immunosuppressive drug-azathioprine-induced alteration in the liver and kidney of adult wistar rats [Rattus norvegicus]
(2013)
Onanuga O. Ismail
;
Ibrahim B. Ridwan
;
Omotoso G. Olaiya
;
Amin Abdulbasit
;
JajiSulaimon O. Rukayat
;
Folarin O. Roehan
;
Safiriyu A. Abass
Azathioprine is a purine analogue immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ rejection following organ transplantation and to treat a vast array of autoimmune diseases. In this work, we studied the effects of ascorbic acid on immunosuppressive drug-azathioprine-induced alterations in the liver and kidney of adult male Wistar rats. Thirty Rats with mean weight 210±2.65 g were randomly assigned into four-treatment and control groups [n=6]. The rats in the treated groups II and IV received 10 and 20 mg/kg/bwt of azathioprine, rats in the treated groups III and V received 10 and 20 of AZA in combination with 25 mg/kg/Bwt and 50 mg/kg/Bwt of ascorbic acid respectively, while rats in control group received normal saline orally for 21 days. After the expiration of the drug administration, rats were sacrificed; the liver and kidney were excised and fixed in Haematoxylin and Eosin for histological examinations. The tissue homogenate were assayed for activities of SOD and GPx, while the plasma was assayed for levels of ALT, AST, Urea and Creatinine. The histological findings of liver and kidney sections indicated that there were cyto-architectural distortions in the treated animals compared with the control animal. The treated groups show significant [p<0.05] decrease in homogenate SOD and GPx, however, plasma ALT, AST, Urea and Creatinine level significantly increased [p<0.05] in the treated animals compared with the control animals. Ascorbic acid could not ameliorate the untoward degenerative changes in the liver and kidney of azathioprine-induced alterations. Keywords: azathioprine, ascorbic acid, liver, kidney, oxidative stress
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Evaluating the anticonvulsant potential of kaurenoic acid isolated from Annona senegalensis leaves in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures: behavioral, cognitive, and cellular insights in Wistar rats
(African Journals Online (AJOL), 2024-12-31)
S.S. Dare
;
R.O. Folarin
;
P.B. Fakunle
;
O.O. Odubela
;
G.O. Oluwatunase
;
P.E. Ekanem
;
P.D. Shallie
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Understanding seizure behavior is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and improved patient quality of life. While many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can suppress seizures, they often do not address the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. They may adversely affect memory, mood, and cognition, as seen with phenobarbital (PB). This study aimed to characterize pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, assess locomotor and exploratory behavior, evaluate hippocampal neuronal impact, and compare the therapeutic effects of kaurenoic acid (KNA) to phenobarbital. METHODOLOGY: Thirty adults male Wistar rats (150–250 g) were assigned to five groups (n = 6): Group 1 (vehicle control, water, 1 ml/kg, body weight), Group 2 (PTZ 40 mg/kg, body weight), Group 3 (PTZ 40 mg/kg, body weight + KNA 400 mg/kg, body weight), Group 4 (PTZ 40 mg/kg, body weight + KNA 800 mg/kg, body weight), and Group 5 (PTZ 40 mg/kg, body weight + PB 10 mg/kg, body weight). Rats' behavior was assessed and were anesthetized with Halothane, the whole brain was extracted and fixed with 10% formalin for histological analysis. RESULTS:The results demonstrated a significant delay in the onset of the first neck muscle jerk (F = 19.29, p < 0.0001) and clonic-tonic seizures (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01) in KNA- and PB-treated groups compared to PTZ-only controls. Both KNA and PB improved anxiety-related behavior, locomotor activity, and hippocampal cellular condition, although these improvements were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that KNA, like PB, can mitigate PTZ-induced behavioral and cellular disruptions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for seizure management.
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GEOTACTICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL PHENOTYPES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FOLLOWING NIGELLA SATIVA EXPOSURE
(Center for Open Science, 2019-05-28)
Royhaan Folarin
;
Ayodele Kayode
;
Thomas Adenowo
;
Muinat Adeyanju
;
Joshua Olugbode
;
Esther Obadeyin
Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous frugivorous fly, with neurobiological and neurogenetic modelling importance owed to its small size, short life cycle, fast reproductive rate, low cost in maintenance and small tetra-chromosomal genome. Nigella sativa (Black seed) is a widely researched medicinal plant with numerous reported therapeutic activities in humans and rodents. Being the most abundant neurotransmitter in Drosophila, glutamate plays an important role in learning and memory, neuro-excitation but also neuro-inhibition. This research thus investigated the impacts of Nigella sativa on the survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactical abilities in Harwich strains of Drosophila melanogaster. The experimental flies were exposed to varied concentrations of Nigella sativa oil for five days. The results showed a higher survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactic ability for the lower dose flies, while the higher Nigella sativa dose flies recorded significantly lesser values in the trio. This indicates that Nigella sativa administered at 2.4ml/4ml (60%) of feed may be lethal to the general survival and physiological functions of adult Drosophila. The lower dose however shows a high potential of improving locomotive and neurochemical activities in flies, as further studies are on to further identify the most therapeutic dose of Nigella sativa in Drosophila melanogaster, with a range suggested based on the findings of this research
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GEOTACTICAL AND NEUROCHEMICAL PHENOTYPES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER FOLLOWING NIGELLA SATIVA EXPOSURE
(Center for Open Science, 2019-05-28)
Royhaan Folarin
;
Ayodele Kayode
;
Thomas Adenowo
;
Muinat Adeyanju
;
Joshua Olugbode
;
Esther Obadeyin
Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous frugivorous fly, with neurobiological and neurogenetic modelling importance owed to its small size, short life cycle, fast reproductive rate, low cost in maintenance and small tetra-chromosomal genome. Nigella sativa (Black seed) is a widely researched medicinal plant with numerous reported therapeutic activities in humans and rodents. Being the most abundant neurotransmitter in Drosophila, glutamate plays an important role in learning and memory, neuro-excitation but also neuro-inhibition. This research thus investigated the impacts of Nigella sativa on the survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactical abilities in Harwich strains of Drosophila melanogaster. The experimental flies were exposed to varied concentrations of Nigella sativa oil for five days. The results showed a higher survival rate, glutamate level and negative geotactic ability for the lower dose flies, while the higher Nigella sativa dose flies recorded significantly lesser values in the trio. This indicates that Nigella sativa administered at 2.4ml/4ml (60%) of feed may be lethal to the general survival and physiological functions of adult Drosophila. The lower dose however shows a high potential of improving locomotive and neurochemical activities in flies, as further studies are on to further identify the most therapeutic dose of Nigella sativa in Drosophila melanogaster, with a range suggested based on the findings of this research
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Hepatoprotective and Pancreatoprotective Properties of the Ethanolic Extract of Nigerian Propolis
(ScopeMed, 2015)
Ridwan Ibrahim
;
Abdulbasit Amin
;
Ibrahim Mustafa
;
Ismail Onanuga
;
Roehan Folarin
;
Wasiu Balogun
Objective: Increased oxidative stress is associated with the progression of diabetic mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract of Nigerian propolis (N. propolis) on markers of oxidative stress, histology of the liver and pancreas and glycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats were treated with either metformin (150 mg/kg/d) or N. propolis (200 mg/kg/d and 300 mg/kg/d) for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed; blood was collected for biochemical analysis while their pancreases and liver were excised and processed for histological studies. Results: Serum oxidative stress markers and blood glucose concentration were compared between the treated and control rats. In contrast to the non-treated diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration were not significantly different between treated rats and control (P < 0.05) at 28 days of treatment with N. propolis and metformin. Serum malondialdehyde levels was reduced while superoxide dismutase levels were elevated in the N. propolis group; these levels were converse in the diabetic group, these differences are statistically significant (P<0.05) when compared with the control. Histologically, there was improvement in the treated group compared to the untreated group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the N. propolis confers protection against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in both liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats. KEY WORDS: Diabetes, liver, metformin, Nigerian propolis, oxidative stress, pancreas
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How are early‐career dementia researchers considered and supported on a national level by dementia plans and organizations? An overview of global policy approaches
(Wiley, 2024-06-12)
Diana Karamacoska
;
Pascale Heins
;
Rita Maldonado Branco
;
Sarah Wallcook
;
Annie Truong
;
Isabella Leung
;
Mouna Sawan
;
Zara Alana Page
;
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli
;
Mirna L. Arroyo‐Miranda
;
Naiara Demnitz
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Tengfei Guo
;
C. Elizabeth Shaaban
;
Adam Smith
;
Sara Laureen Bartels
AbstractINTRODUCTIONDespite representing an essential workforce, it is unclear how global policy efforts target early‐career dementia researchers (ECDRs). Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview of policies through which ECDRs are considered and supported by dementia plans and organizations.METHODSG20 member states were evaluated for their national dementia plan alongside policies of leading dementia organizations. Data targeting support for ECDRs were extracted and subject to content analysis using inductive coding. Findings were categorized and narratively synthesized.RESULTSOnly China, Denmark, England, Greece, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and the United States mentioned ECDRs in their national plan. Additionally, 17 countries formalized ECDR support via dementia organizations. Support efforts included research funding, dissemination and networking, career development, and research advice.DISCUSSIONFew nations formally recognized ECDRs in dementia plans or through dementia organizations. To facilitate equal prospects for ECDRs, top‐down approaches are urged to enhance and align their efforts.Highlights Few G20 countries (8/46) had national dementia plans for early‐career researchers. Targeted support comes from government and nongovernmental dementia organizations. Support includes funding, training, advice, research dissemination, and networking. Inconsistent definitions and eligibility criteria are barriers to accessing support. Global coordination and top‐down policy will aid early‐career dementia researchers.
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How are early‐career dementia researchers considered and supported on a national level by dementia plans and organizations? An overview of global policy approaches
(Wiley, 2024-06-12)
Diana Karamacoska
;
Pascale Heins
;
Rita Maldonado Branco
;
Sarah Wallcook
;
Annie Truong
;
Isabella Leung
;
Mouna Sawan
;
Zara Alana Page
;
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli
;
Mirna L. Arroyo‐Miranda
;
Naiara Demnitz
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Tengfei Guo
;
C. Elizabeth Shaaban
;
Adam Smith
;
Sara Laureen Bartels
AbstractINTRODUCTIONDespite representing an essential workforce, it is unclear how global policy efforts target early‐career dementia researchers (ECDRs). Thus, this study aimed to provide an overview of policies through which ECDRs are considered and supported by dementia plans and organizations.METHODSG20 member states were evaluated for their national dementia plan alongside policies of leading dementia organizations. Data targeting support for ECDRs were extracted and subject to content analysis using inductive coding. Findings were categorized and narratively synthesized.RESULTSOnly China, Denmark, England, Greece, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and the United States mentioned ECDRs in their national plan. Additionally, 17 countries formalized ECDR support via dementia organizations. Support efforts included research funding, dissemination and networking, career development, and research advice.DISCUSSIONFew nations formally recognized ECDRs in dementia plans or through dementia organizations. To facilitate equal prospects for ECDRs, top‐down approaches are urged to enhance and align their efforts.Highlights Few G20 countries (8/46) had national dementia plans for early‐career researchers. Targeted support comes from government and nongovernmental dementia organizations. Support includes funding, training, advice, research dissemination, and networking. Inconsistent definitions and eligibility criteria are barriers to accessing support. Global coordination and top‐down policy will aid early‐career dementia researchers.
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career dementia researchers: A global online survey
(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2022-11-09)
Sara Laureen Bartels
;
C. Elizabeth Shaaban
;
Wagner S. Brum
;
Lindsay A. Welikovitch
;
Royhaan Folarin
;
Adam Smith
;
Gabriel G. De La Torre
Introduction The World Health Organization recognizes dementia as a public health priority and highlights research as an action to respond to the consequences, with early career dementia researchers (ECDRs) representing the key driving force. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, biomedical and psychosocial dementia research was strained worldwide. The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the pandemic on ECDRs. Methods In autumn 2021, the Alzheimer’s Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment (ISTAART) Professional Interest Area to Elevate Early Career Researchers (PEERs) and University College London conducted an online survey querying ECDRs’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was shared through the ISTAART network, social media, podcasts, and emailing lists. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Survey data from n = 321 ECDRs from 34 countries were analyzed (67.6% women; 78.8% working in academia). Overall, 77.8% of ECDRs surveyed indicated research delays, 53.9% made project adjustments, 37.9% required additional or extended funding, and 41.8% reported a negative impact on career progression. Moreover, 19.9% felt unsupported by their institutions and employers (33% felt well supported, 42.7% somewhat supported). ECDR’s conference attendance remained the same (26.5%) or increased (More: 28.6%; a lot more: 5.6%) since the start of the pandemic. Continental differences were visible, while the impact of the pandemic did not differ greatly based on ECDRs’ sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on ECDRs worldwide and institutions, employers, and funding bodies are urged to consider the implications and lessons-learned when working with, managing, and promoting ECDRs. Strategies related to the pandemic and general career support to improve ECDRs career progression are discussed, including social media training, digital networking, and benefits of hybrid events. Global resources specific for ECDRs are highlighted.
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ISTAART Professional Interest Area to Elevate Early Career Researchers and University College London survey turns a spotlight on early career researcher life and challenges
(Wiley, 2022-05-25)
Adam Smith
;
C. Elizabeth Shaaban
;
Sara Laureen Bartels
;
Wagner S. Brum
;
Lindsay A. Welikovitch
;
Royhaan O. Folarin
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Modeling schizophrenia endophenotypes in drosophila melanogaster: effects of ketamine on anxiety, aggression, locomotion and inflammatory responses
(Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), 2025-05-12)
Abdulrahman Adesola Bello
;
Royhaan Olamide Folarin
Schizophrenia presents a significant challenge in mental health, characterized by a profound distortion of reality, often accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, cognitive deficits, and neuroinflammatory processes. Ketamine has been widely used as a pharmacological agent to model schizophrenia symptoms in both human and animal studies. However, the potential of ketamine to induce schizophrenia-like phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster remains under investigated. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of ketamine on anxiety, aggression, locomotor activities, and inflammatory response in Drosophila melanogaster as a preliminary step toward developing a pharmacological model of schizophrenia in this organism. Virgin male and female Oregon-R flies were collected after eclosion and exposed to four different concentrations of ketamine (100, 250, 500, 1000 µg/ mL) for 1 week under standard laboratory conditions (22-25°C, 50-60% humidity). Experimental groups consisted of 10 vials, each containing 10 flies. Anxiety, aggression, and locomotory functions were assessed behaviorally through the open field, aggression, and rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) assays. Pro-inflammatory and astrogliotic responses were measured immunohistochemically using Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies. The general neuronal architecture was evaluated using the H&E histological staining techniques. The results showed a dose-dependent induction of aggressive behavior. Motor function assays demonstrated that ketamine impaired these functions in a dose-dependent manner. Survival assays indicated that higher doses of ketamine reduced survival rates. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in TNF-α and GFAP mean fluorescence intensity across the treatment groups, indicating upregulation of TNF-α and GFAP expressions. This suggests a robust pro-inflammatory and astrogliotic response to ketamine administration, aligning with the emerging neuroinflammatory endophenotype theory of schizophrenia aetiology and its experimental modeling. Histological analysis displayed significant dose-dependent histopathological changes, including increased cell loss and vacuolization at higher ketamine concentrations. In conclusion, the findings suggest that ketamine has potential as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia in Drosophila. Overall, these results contribute to the understanding of how ketamine influences key behavioral and neurobiological parameters, offering insights into their potential roles in inducing schizophrenia-like phenotypes like altered behavior and histopathology. Keywords: Ketamine, Drosophila melanogaster, Neuroinflammation, TNF-α, Schizophrenia, GFAP.
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Motor co-ordinative roles of Nigella sativa oil in mice models of phenol-induced essential tremor
(Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, OOUTH Chapter, 2020-03-28)
RO Folarin
;
OB Surajudeen
;
EO Omotosho
;
AO Owoniyi
;
DO Oyeleye
;
P Shallie
Background: Essential tremor, regarded as the world's most common movement disorder, is a neuronal disorder characterized by uncontrollable shaking (tremor) of different parts of the body. Nigella sativa is a medicinal herb with pharmacologically proven therapeutic potentials in various ailments including neurological disorders. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic roles of Nigella sativa on cerebellar phenotypes in phenol-induced mice models of essential tremor. Methods: Tremor response, body weight, temperature, motor coordination (using the parallel bars and static rods tests), relative brain weights, cerebellar glutamate and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and histoarchitecture were assayed in 75 adult male BALB/cm ice weighing 21-30g. The animals, equally divided into five groups were respectively administered feed and water only (CTRL); 100mg/kg phenol and 1ml/kg Nigella sativa oil concurrently (PNSC); 100mg/kg phenol (P); 1ml/kg Nigella sativa oil followed by 100mg/kg phenol (NSP); and 1ml/kg Nigella sativa oil (NS). Results: The PNSC, NSP and NS mice displayed significant weight reduction. Histoachitectural defects, stagnancy in weight, high Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and high glutamate levels and poor motor coordination were exhibited by the P group. The CTRL and NS animals demonstrated good motor coordination while the PNSC and NSP groups showed better coordination than the untreated P group. The CTRL group showed no histoarchitectural defects while the NS and PNSC animals showed histoarchitectural regeneration. Conclusion: This research affirmed the weight-reducing, neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and motor coordinating effects of Nigella sativa in the modelled tremor condition.
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Neural stem cell research in Africa: current realities and future prospects
(The Company of Biologists, 2022-11-01)
Idris A. Azeez
;
Ifeoluwa O. Awogbindin
;
Juliet N. Olayinka
;
Royhaan O. Folarin
;
Abubakar S. Adamu
;
Lydia D. Ior
;
Asmau M. Shehu
;
Abubakar I. Mukhtar
;
Olufunke F. Ajeigbe
;
Aghariagbonse O. Emokpae
;
Ifukibot L. Usende
;
Bamidele R. Babatunde
;
Yusuf Yusha'u
;
Oladiran I. Olateju
;
Ronald Kamoga
;
Ayoola I. O. Benson
;
Kenneth C. Oparaji
;
Idowu O. Owemidu
;
Musa O. Iliyasu
;
Maryam I. Imam
;
James O. Olopade
ABSTRACT Neural stem cells (NSCs) are immature progenitor cells that are found in developing and adult brains that have the potential of dividing actively and renewing themselves, with a complex form of gene expression. The generation of new brain cells in adult individuals was initially considered impossible, however, the landmark discovery of human neural stem cells in the hippocampus has been followed by further discoveries in other discreet regions of the brain. Investigation into the current state in Africa of the research and use of NSCs shows relatively limited activities on the continent. Information on the African application of NSCs for modelling disease mechanisms, drug discovery, and therapeutics is still limited. The International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)-African Regional Committee (ARC), with support from the Company of Biologists, and the Movement Disorder Society, sponsored the first African Basic School on NSC in Ibadan, Nigeria, with the vision of bringing together young neuroscientists and physicians across different fields in neuroscience to learn from leaders who have applied NSCs in stem cell research, the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, neuroanatomy, and neurotherapeutics. Twenty early-career researchers in academic institutions at junior and senior faculty cadres were selected from South Africa, Uganda and Nigeria. The students and organizer of the school, who wrote this review on the state of NSCs research in Africa, recommended the following: (1) other African countries can take a cue from South Africa and Nigeria in probing the phenomena of adult neurogenesis in unique animal species on the continent; (2) Africa should leverage the expertise and facilities of South African scientists and international collaborators in scaling up NSC research into these unique species and (3) Centers of Excellence should be established on the continent to serve as research hubs for training postgraduate students, and facilities for African scientists who trained overseas on NSCs.

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